2015-… : Chargé de recherche Hors Classe CNRS (Section 21) affecté au Laboratoire Aérologie (Laero) à l’Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (Toulouse, France). 2007-15 : Chargé de recherche CNRS (Section 19) affecté au Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA) à l’Observatoire de Paris (Paris, France. 2006-07 : Chercheur contractuel, Observatoire de Paris, LERMA (Paris, France). 2002-05 : Chercheur contractuel, National Observatory of Athens (NOA, Athènes, Grèce). 2001-02 : Chercheur contractuel, Universities Space Research Association (USRA, Hunstville, Alabama, Etats-Unis). 1999-2001 : Post-Doctorat, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, Etats-Unis).
Thèmes de recherche : éclairs, électricité atmosphérique ; orages et pluie ; télédétection (terrestre, aéroportée et spatiale) et instrumentation passive et active (fréquences radio, optique, micro-ondes).
Responsabilité de projets (en cours) : 2023-… : Accord cadre DGA/CNRS; financement : DGA. 2020-… : STRATELEC (STRatéole-2 ATmospheric ELECtrcity); financement : CNES/SHM-TOSCA-CTB. 2018-… : C3IEL (Cluster for Cloud evolution, Climate and Lightning) LOIP (Lightning Optical Imager and Photometers); financement : CNES. Management de la recherche : 2021-… : Président de la Commission Spécialisée Instrumentation Innovante Transverse (CS IIT) de l’Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU) du CNRS. 2021-25 : Président du Programme National Instrumentation Innovante Transverse (PN IIT). 2020-25 : Responsable de l’équipe MECANO du Laéro. 2017-21 : Président du Comité Scientifique (CS) du Programme National de Télédétection Spatial (PNTS). 2020-21 : Président de la Commission d’Évaluation des Chercheurs de Météo-France. Comités scientifiques : 2014-… : Membre de la Commission Internationale ICAE (International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity). 2020-24 : Membre du Comité Scientifique d’AERIS. 2013-24 : Membre du groupe LIMAG (Lightning Imager Mission Advisory Group) de la mission MTG (Meteosat Third Generation) d’EUMETSAT.
Kolmašová, I., S. Soula, O. Santolík, E. Defer, Y. Zhu, S. Pédeboy, R. Lán, A. Kolínská, L. Uhlíř (2026), Properties of Positive Narrow Bipolar Events Observed in South-Eastern France, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD045415 Kolínská, A. I. Kolmašová, E. Defer, O. Santolík, and S. Pédeboy (2025). Post-return stroke VHF electromagnetic activity in north-western Mediterranean cloud-to-ground lightning flashes, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 25, 1791–1803, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1791-2025 Combarnous, P., M. Martet, O. Caumont, and E. Defer, Assimilation of satellite lightning data in a storm-scale numerical weather prediction system using a 3D-EnVar data assimilation scheme, Monthly Weather Review, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-23-0100.1 Houël, R., E. Defer, D. Lambert, S. Prieur, and S. Pedeboy, Electrical Properties of vertical dominant charge structures observed in Corsican thunderstorms with a LMA, Earth and Space Science, 11, e2023EA003354, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003354 Combarnous, P., M. Martet, O. Caumont, and E. Defer. (2024). Assimilation of satellite lightning data in a storm-scale numerical weather prediction system using a 3D-EnVar data assimilation scheme. Monthly Weather Review. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-23-0100.1 Erdmann, F., Caumont, O., and Defer, E.: Assimilation of Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Lightning Imager (LI) pseudo-observations in AROME-France – proof of concept, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2821–2840, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2821-2023, 2023 Combarnous, P., F. Erdmann, O. Caumont, E. Defer, and M. Martet, A satellite lightning observation operator for storm-scale numerical weather prediction, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2943–2962, 2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2943-2022 Erdmann, F., O. Caumont, and E. Defer, A Geostationary Lightning Pseudo-Observation Generator Utilizing Low-Frequency Ground-Based Lightning Observations, , Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 39(1), 3-30; https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0160.1 Tomicic, M., S. Soula, E. Defer, S. Prieur, J. Mlynarczyk, et al.. Dancing Sprites Above a Lightning Mapping Array −an Analysis of the Storm and Flash/Sprite Developments. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union, 2021; 10.1029/2021JD035059t Kolmašová, I, O. Santolík, E. Defer, P. Kašpar, A. Kolínská et al. Two Propagation Scenarios of Isolated Breakdown Lightning Processes in Failed Negative Cloud‐to‐Ground Flashes, Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union, 2020, 47 (23), 10.1029/2020GL090593 Erdmann, F., E. Defer, O. Caumont, R. J. Blakeslee, S. Pédeboy, and S. Coquillat, Concurrent Satellite and ground-based Lightning Observations from the Optical Lightning Imaging Sensor (ISS-LIS), the LF network Meteorage and the SAETTA LMA in the northwestern Mediterranean region, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, European Geosciences Union, 2019, 10.5194/amt-13-853-2020. Coquillat S., E. Defer, P. de Guibert, D. Lambert, J.-P. Pinty, V. Pont, S. Prieur , R. J. Thomas, P. R. Krehbiel, and W. Rison, SAETTA: high−resolution 3−D mapping of the total lightning activity in the Mediterranean Basin over Corsica, with a focus on a mesoscale convective system event. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, European Geosciences Union, 2019, 12 (11), pp.5765−5790, 10.5194/amt−12−5765−2019. Haggerty, J., E. Defer, A. de Laat, K. Bedka, J. Moisselin, R. Potts, J. Delanoë, F. Parol, A. Grandin, and S. DiVito, 2018: Detecting Clouds Associated with Jet Engine Ice Crystal Icing. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, 2019, 100 (1), pp.31−40, 2018, 10.1175/BAMS−D−17−0252.1 Kolmašová, I., O. Santolík, E. Defer, W. Rison, S. Coquillat, S. Pedeboy, R. Lán, L. Uhlíř, J.-P. Pinty, S. Prieur, V. Pont, Lightning initiation: Strong VHF radiation sources accompanying preliminary breakdown pulses during lightning initiation, Scientific Reports, volume 8, Article number: 3650, 2018, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21972-z. de Laat, A., E. Defer, J. Delanoë, F. Dezitter, A. Gounou, A. Grandin, A. Guignard, J. F. Meirink, J.-M. Moisselin, and F. Parol, Analysis of geostationary satellite-derived cloud parameters associated with environments with high ice water content, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1359-1371, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1359-2017. Gallin, L.-J., T. Farges, R. Marchiano, F. Coulouvrat, E. Defer, W. Rison, W. Schulz, and M. Nuret, Statistical analysis of storm electrical discharges reconstituted from a lightning mapping system, a lightning location system, and an acoustic array, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 3929-3953, 2016, doi:10.1002/2015JD023745. Defer, E., J.−L. Brenguier, J. De Laat, J. Delanoë, F. Dezitter, M. Faivre, A. Gounou, A. Grandin, A. Guignard, J. F. Meirink, J.−M. Moisselin, F. Parol, A. Protat, and C. Vanbauce, Overview of the HAIC Space−Borne Observation and Nowcasting of High Ice Water Content Regions Sub−Project and Mid−Term Results, SAE Technical Paper 2015−01−2123, 2015, doi:10.4271/2015−01−2123. Gounou, A., J.−M. Moisselin, F. Autones, D. Levaillant, J.−L. Brenguier, E. Defer, M. Faivre, A. Grandin, F. Dezitter, and S. Turner, The Use of RDT Nowcasting Tool for Detecting Convective Areas Associated with High Ice Water Content during HAIC/HIWC Field Campaign, SAE Technical Paper 2015−01−2124, 2015, doi:10.4271/2015−01−2124. Soula, S., E. Defer, M. Füllekrug, O. van der Velde, J. Montanya, O. Bousquet, J. Mlynarczyk, S. Coquillat, J.-P. Pinty, W. Rison, P.R. Krehbiel, R. Thomas, and S. Pedeboy, Time and space correlation between sprites and their parent lightning flashes for a thunderstorm observed during the HyMeX campaign, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 11,552–11,574, doi:10.1002/2015JD023894. Defer, E., J.-P. Pinty, S. Coquillat, J.-M. Martin, S. Prieur, S. Soula, E. Richard, W. Rison, P. Krehbiel, R. Thomas, D. Rodeheffer, C. Vergeiner, F. Malaterre, S. Pedeboy, W. Schulz, T. Farges, L.-J. Gallin, P. Ortéga, J.-F. Ribaud, G. Anderson, H.-D. Betz, B. Meneux, V. Kotroni, K. Lagouvardos, S. Roos, V. Ducrocq, O. Roussot, L. Labatut, and G. Molinié, An overview of the lightning and atmospheric electricity observations collected in southern France during the HYdrological cycle in Mediterranean EXperiment (HyMeX), Special Observation Period 1, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 649-669, 2015. doi:10.5194/amt-8-649-2015. Gressent, A., B. Sauvage, E. Defer, H. W. Pãtz, K. Thomas, R. Holle, J.-P. Cammas, P. Nédélec, D. Boulanger, V. Thouret, and A. Volz-Thomas, Lightning NOx influence on large scale NOy and O3 plumes observed over the northern mid-latitudes, Tellus B 2014, 66, 25544, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.25544, 2014. Defer, E., V. S. Galligani, C. Prigent, and C. Jimenez, First observations of polarized scattering over ice clouds at close-to-millimeter wavelengths (157 GHz) with MADRAS on board the Megha-Tropiques mission, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 12,30112,316, doi:10.1002/2014JD022353, 2014. Bousquet, O., A. Berne, J. Delanoe, Y. Dufournet, J. J. Gourley, J. Van-Baelen, C. Augros, L. Besson, B. Boudevillain, O. Caumont, E. Defer, J. Grazioli, D. J. Jorgensen, P.-E. Kirstetter, J.-F. Ribaud, J. Beck, G. Delrieu, V. Ducrocq, D. Scipion, A. Schwarzenboeck, and J. Zwiebel, Multiple-Frequency Radar Observations Collected In Southern France During HyMeX SOP-1, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00076.1, 2014. Ducrocq, V., I. Braud, S. Davolio, R. Ferretti, C. Flamant, C., A. Jansa, N. Kalthoff, N., Richard, I. Taupier-Letage, P.-A. Ayral, S. Belamari, A. Berne, M. Borga, B. Boudevillain, O. Bock, J.-L. Boichard, M.-N. Bouin, O. Bousquet, C. Bouvier, J. Chiggiato, D. Cimini, U. Corsmeier, L. Coppola, P. Cocquerez, E. Defer, J. Delanoë, P. Di Girolamo, A. Doerenbecher, P. Drobinski, Y. Dufournet, N. Fourrié, J. J. Gourley, L. Labatut, D. Lambert, J. Le Coz, F. S. Marzano, G. Molinié, A. Montani, G. Nord, M. Nuret, K. Ramage, W. Rison, O. Roussot, F. Said, A. Schwarzenboeck, P. Testor, J. Van Baelen, B. Vincendon, M. Aran, M., and J. Tamayo, HyMeX-SOP11: The Field Campaign Dedicated to Heavy Precipitation and Flash Flooding in the Northwestern Mediterranean, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 1083–1100, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00244.1, 2014. Drobinski, P., V. Ducrocq, P. Arbogast, C. Basdevant, S. Bastin, L. Béguery, S. Belamari, K. Béranger, O. Bock, M.-N. Bouin, B. Boudevillain, O. Bousquet,, C. Bouvier, I. Braud, J.-C. Calvet, C. Champollion, A. Chanzy, M. Claude, P. Cocquerez, L. Coppola, S. Coquillat, D. Courault, E. Defer, J. Delanoë, G. Delrieu, A. Doerenbecher, N. Dorfliger, M. Estèves, C. Estournel, C. Flamant, N. Fourrié, O. Garrouste, E. Gaume, H. Giordani, L. Gomes, G. Roberts, H. Jourde, L. Labatut, D. Lambert, J. Le Coz, W. Ludwig, C. Lutoff, J.-F. Mahfouf, E. Martin, L. Mastrorillo, N. Mathys, Y. Michel, M. Nuret, F. Orain 27, S Perez, C. Prigent, O. Radakovitch, K. Ramage, E. Richard, J.-L. Roujean, O. Roussot, I. Ruin, F. Saïd, A. Schwarzenboeck, K. Sellegri, S. Somot, I Taupier-Letage, P. Testor, J. Van Baelen , J.-P. Vandervaere, HyMeX, le cycle de l’eau méditerranéen à la loupe, La Météorologie, 80, 23-36, 2013. Ducrocq, V., S. Belamari, B. Boudevillain, O. Bousquet, P. Cocquerez, A. Doerenbecher, P. Drobinski, C. Flamant, L. Labatut, D. Lambert, M. Nuret, E. Richard, O. Roussot, P. Testor, P. Arbogast, P.-A. Ayral, J. Van Baelen, C. Basdevant, J.-L. Boichard, D. Bourras, C. Bouvier, M.-N. Bouin, O. Bock, I. Braud, C. Champollion, L. Coppola, S. Coquillat, E. Defer, J. Delanoë, G. Delrieu, J.-F. Didon-Lescot, P. Durand, C. Estournel, N. Fourrié, O. Garrouste, H. Giordani, J. Le Coz, Y. Michel, O. Nuissier, G. Roberts, F. Said, A. Schwarzenboeck, K. Sellegri, I. Taupier-Letage, and J.-P. Vandervaere, HyMeX, les campagnes de mesures : focus sur les événements extrêmes en Méditerranée, la météorologie, 80, 37-472013., 2013. Lagouvardos, K., V. Kotroni, E. Defer, and O. Bousquet, Study of a heavy precipitation event over southern France, in the frame of HYMEX project: Observational analysis and model results using assimilation of lightning, Atmos. Res., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.07.003, 2013. Galligani, V., C. Prigent, E. Defer, C. Jimenez, and P. Eriksson, The impact of the melting layer on the passive microwave scattering signal observed from satellites: a study using TRMM microwave passive and active measurements, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 56675678, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50431, 2013. Pinty, J.-P., C. Barthe, E. Defer, E. Richard, and M. Chong, Explicit Simulation of Electrified Clouds: from Idealized to Real Case Studies, Atmos. Res., doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.008. Buehler, S., E. Defer, F. Evans, S. Eliasson, J. Mendrok, P. Eriksson, C. Lee, C. Jimenez, C. Prigent, S. Crewell, Y. Kasai, R. Bennartz, and A. L. Gasiewski, Observing Ice Clouds in the Submillimeter Spectral Range: The CloudIce Mission Proposal for ESA’s Earth Explorer 8, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1529-1549, 2012. Defer, E., C. Jimenez, C. Prigent, Sub-millimetre wave radiometry for cloud and rain characterization: from simulation to Earth observation mission concept, C. R. Physique, 13, 2012.. Prigent, C., N. Rochetin, F. Aires, E. Defer, J.-Y. Grandpeix, C. Jimenez, and F. Papa, Impact of the inundated areas on deep convection at continental scale from satellite observations and modelling experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24118, doi:10.1029/2011JD016311, 2011. Betz, H.−D., K. Schmidt, P. Laroche, P. Blanchet, W. P. Oettinger, E. Defer, Z. Dziewit, and J. Konarski, LINET − An International Lightning Detection Network in Europe », Atmos. Res., 91(2−4), 564−573, 2009. Betz, H.−D., T. C. Marshall, M. Stolzenburg, K. Schmidt, W. P. Oettinger, E. Defer, J. Konarski, P. Laroche, and F. Dombai, Detection of in−cloud lightning with VLF/LF and VHF networks for studies of the initial discharge phase, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L23802, doi:10.1029/2008GL035820, 2008. Chaboureau, J.-P., N. Sohne, J.-P. Pinty, I. Meirold-Mautner, E. Defer, C. Prigent, J. Pardo, M. Mech, and S. Crewell, A midlatitude precipitating cloud database validated with satellite observation, J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 1337-1353, 2008. Defer, E., C. Prigent, F. Aires, J. R. Pardo, C. J. Walden, O.-Z. Zanifé, J.-P. Chaboureau and J.-P. Pinty, Development of precipitation retrievals at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths for geostationary satellites, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D08111, doi:10.1029/2007JD008673, 2008. Dye, J.E., M.G. Bateman, H.J. Christian, E. Defer, C.A. Grainger, W.D. Hall, E.P. Krider, S.A. Lewis, D.M. Mach, F.J. Merceret, J.C. Willett, and P.T. Willis, Electric fields, cloud microphysics, and reflectivity in anvils of Florida thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11215, doi:10.1029/2006JD007550, 2007. Lagouvardos, K., V. Kotroni, and E. Defer, The 21-22 January 2004 explosive cyclogenesis over the Aegean Sea: Observations and model analysis, QJRMS, 133, 1519-1531, 2007. Meirold-Mautner, I., C. Prigent, E. Defer, J. R. Pardo, J.-P. Chaboureau, J.-P. Pinty, M. Mech, and S. Crewell, Radiative transfer simulations using mesoscale cloud model outputs: comparisons with passive microwave and infrared satellite observations for midlatitudes, Journal of Atmospheric Science, 64, 1550-1568, 2007. Defer, E., and M. Anagnostou, Characterization of the precipitation in southwestern part of Greece with X-band Doppler radar, 2-D video disdrometer and rain gauges, Advances in Geosciences, 7, 121-125, 2006. Kotroni, V., K. Lagouvardos, E. Defer, S. Dietrich, F. Porcù, C. M. Medaglia, and M. Demirtas, The Antalya 5 December 2002 Storm: Observations and Model Analysis, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 45, 576-590, 2006 Lagouvardos, K., V. Kotroni, and E. Defer, Synoptic environment related to rapid cyclogenesis in the Eastern Mediterranean, Advances in Geosciences, 7, 115-119,, 2006. Defer, E., K. Lagouvardos, and V. Kotroni, Lightning activity in the eastern Mediterranean region, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24210, doi:10.1029/2004JD005710, 2005 Prigent, C., E. Defer, J. R. Pardo, C. Pearl, W. Rossow, J.-P. Pinty, Relations of polarized scattering signatures observed by the TRMM Microwave Instrument with electrical processes in cloud systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, No. 4, 2005 Skamarock, W. C., J. E. Dye, E. Defer, M. C. Barth, J. L. Stith, B. A. Ridley, K. Baumann, Observational- and modeling-based budget of lightning-produced NOx in a continental thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D10), 4305, doi:10.1029/2002JD002163, 2003. Defer, E., P. Blanchet, C. Théry, P. Laroche, J. Dye, M. Venticinque, and K. Cummins, Lightning activity for the July 10, 1996, storm during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Experiment: Radiation, Aerosol, and Ozone-A (STERAO-A) experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10,151-10,172, 2001. Dye, J., B. A. Ridley, K. Bauman, W. Skamarock, M. Barth, M. Venticinque, E. Defer, P. Blanchet, C. Théry, P. Laroche, G. Hubler, D. D. Parnish, T. Ryerson, M. Trainer, G. Frost, J. S. Halloway, F. C. Fehsenfeld, A. Tuck, T. Matejka, D. Bartels, S. A. Rutledge, T. Lang, J. Stith, and R. Zern, An overview of STERAO/deep convection experiment with results for the July 10th storm, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10,023-10,045, 2000. Lang, T., S. Rutledge, J. Dye, M. Venticinque, P. Laroche, and E. Defer, Anomalously low negative cloud-to-ground lightning flash rates in intense convective storms observed during STERAO-A, Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 160-173, 2000. Stith, J., J. Dye, B. A. Ridley, P. Laroche, E. Defer, K. Baumann, G. Hubler, R. Zerr, and M. Venticinque, NO signature from lightning flashes, J. Geophys.Res., 104, 16,081-16,089, 1999.
Projets en cours : 2023-27 : Accord cadre DGA/CNRS; financement : DGA. 2022-26 : ICCARE (Ice Crystals in deep convective Clouds: interactions with Aerosols, Radiation and Electricity); financement : ANR. 2020-… : STRATELEC (STRatéole-2 ATmospheric ELECtrcity); financement : CNES/SHM-TOSCA-CTB. 2018-… : C3IEL (Cluster for Cloud evolution, Climate and Lightning) LOIP (Lightning Optical Imager and Photometers); financement : CNES. 2015-24 : SOLID (Space-based Optical Lightning Detection); financement : CNES/TOSCA. Projets terminés : 2016-21 : EXAEDRE (EXploiting new Atmospheric Electricity Data for Research and the Environment); financement : ANR, CNES/TOSCA, MISTRALS/HyMeX. 2019-21 : Responsable scientifique de l’Instrument National d’Excellence (INE) SAETTA (réseau terrestre de détection des éclairs dans le domaine VHF) ; financement : INSU & CNES. 2021 : Etude EUMETSAT “Planning of LMA campaigns in Africa in the context of the LI Cal/Val activities”; financement : EUMETSAT.
